Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): Exploring the Creation of a Mediation Mechanism

Abstract:

Access to genetic resources and benefit sharing (ABS) are among the core concerns of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). At present, ABS is characterised by uncertainty and unequal relationships.

The authors suggest the creation of a Mediation Mechanism (MM) as a complementary component of an effective CBD. An independent MM would assist stakeholders on a voluntary basis in building bridges between the needs/rights and aspirations of local communities and their governments, and those of research institutions, as well as the private sector, in a fair and equitable way.

To be effective and efficient, the MM requires a slim and decentralised structure and should be established as a private, not-for-profit entity. The CBD's Conference of the Parties in April 2002 discussed documents referring to a mediation approach, an option with an unexploited potential.

Lessons Learnt under Ecofrig Collaboration and Its Relevance for Addressing Ozone Layer Protection and Climate Change

Abstract:

Ecofrig opened up an environmentally friendly approach to Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) free technology hitherto unknown in India and achieved a level playing field for Hydrocarbons (HCs) vs. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in view of informed decisions in private industry in implementing the Montreal Protocol. Ten key factors of success are identified, among them:

(1) the creation of a process leading to ownership of the HC-technology with the Indian partners;

(2) the commercial competitiveness of the HCs;

(3) the commitment of all partners at the institutional and human level. Lessons learnt mainly address market failures, the role of the Multilateral Fund (MF) and the growing influence of multinational companies (MNCs). Despite the considerable relevance of Ecofrig to the protection of the Ozone layer, the slowing down of climate change and poverty reduction, there is still unfinished business. The conclusions presented here are based on interviews with Ecofrig programme partners in India, Germany and Switzerland, and a self-assessment by Infras.

Green Innovation instead of Resignation

Abstract:

Switzerland's environmental foreign policy includes simultaneously multilateral and bilateral cooperation measures. The Swiss parliament laid the foundation in 1991 by granting a special credit of CHF 300 million for global environmental measures.

Their implementation required a political climate conducive to innovation. They focused mainly on climate protection, toxic substances, biodiversity and related international conventions.

The article summarises core findings in the form of ten hypotheses, each illustrated with examples from practical projects.